Conversion and storage of signals



G. DIRKS CONVERSION AND STORAGE OF SIGNALS,

Original Filed OG'L.- 22, 1956 Ocvt. 8, 1963 6 Sheets-Sheet- 1 mmmz... TBB

Inventor Gerhard Dirks By M91 m AT Tys Oct. 8, 1963 G. DlRKs 3,106,336

l CONVERSION AND STORAGE OF SIGNALS Original Filed Oct. 22, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 40, 3 Fl Q PERFORMING coNTRL MAGNETS BRUSH sz* zs 8 MAGNET swlTcH MAGNET MOTO R L 2a' COUNTER 18 INDICATING DEVICE Inventor Gerhard Dirks Afiys Oct. 8, 1963 G. DIRKS CONVERSION AND STORAGE oF SIGNALS Original Filed Oct. 22, 1956 Fig.3

6 Sheets-Sheet. 3

lnveritor Gerhard Dirks Atrys Oct. 8, 1963 G. DIRKs 3,106,336

CONVERSION AND STORAGE OF SIGNALS Original Filed Oot. 22, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 PLUG UNIT 7 0 Inventor Gerhard Dirks Oct. 8, 1963 G. DlRKs 3,106,336

CONVERSION AND STORAGE oF SIGNALS Original Filed Oct. 22, 1956 6 Sheets-Share?l 5 Fig? lCOUNTING TUBE 90 COUNTING TUBE 9/ .92 4 AMPLIFIER\ i D Inventor Gerhard Dirks ct. 8, 1963 G. DIRKS CONVERSION AND STORAGE OF SIGNALs Original Filed Oct. .22,` 1956' 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 rNVENToR Gerhard Dirks BWPW TTORNEYJ` United States Patent Oliice Patented Oct. 8, 1963 3,106,336 CGNVERSION AND STORAGE F SIGNALS Gerhard Dirks, 12120 Edgeclilt Place,

Los Altos Hills, Calif. Continuation of application Ser. No. 617,524, Oct. 22, 1956. This application Dec. 19, 1961, Ser. No. 161,772 1 Claims priority, application Great Britain Oct. 21, 1955 14 Claims. (Cl. 234-5) The present invention relates to a means for producing pulse sequences representative of code combinations.

The present application is a continuation application of my pending application Serial No. 617,524, filed October 22, 1956, entitled Conversion and Storage of Signals, 4now abandoned.

In the teleprinting art and in certain other arts, combinations of code elements such as permutation bars and the like are frequently used for the representation of charactors, whether numerical characters or alphabetic characters or the like, and it is the object or the present invention to provide means for converting such code combinations into corresponding pulse sequences or pulse trains so that they may be transmitted for example to distant places and/ or made to operate printing or other apparatus.

According to the invention each element of a code and therefore each combination of elements has a numerical value assigned to it and the selection of each combination of code elements generates a corresponding train of pulses equal in effective value to the` total numericalV value of the elements in the selected combination. For instance, the generated pulses may be equal in number to the total number represented by the selected elements or to some multiple or other predetermined ratio of that total number. In this way, each combination of code elements may be regardedlfor example as a binary number, and the transe lation of that number into, for example, a decimal system will give a basis for the number of pulses in a sequence having the same signilicance. t

In accordance with the invention, each element of the code is adapted when selected'to control corresponding circuits to transmit aV corresponding number of pulses.

Each code element may be coordinated to one or more voltage or current values in dependence on its said numerical value, these voltages or currents being adapted to influence pulse generating means in such a way that the pulse sequences generated are of the required number for each such element. The said voltagesor currents for the `selected Code elements may be eltective successively. Alternatively, they may be combined so as to be effective simultaneously.

The circuits mentioned above may be controlled by l electronic, magnetic or contact switches or the like and may be operated by depression of the selected keys of a keyboard or by Vany other suitable direct input means. Alternatively, the switches may be operated by relays energized from telepr-intinglines, punched cards/the output of a computer or by other record means. Still further, said switches may be operated by electronic or magnetic storage means having two or more stable conditions.

In accordance with another feature ofthe invention, signal storage devices are providedl for the recording of information as signals stored in a record means, for instance where such record means is to be used laterV for the operation of a mechanism by which the signals will be retranslated into a text or the like, and in this connection the invention has special adaptability for the storing of signals whose said later use is for the operation of a mechanism which in different circumstances will require different degrees and/ or dierent. phases of operation.

quent operation of a line-composing machine, the successive characters ot a text being stored las perforations in respective combinations of a code in successive positions on the tape or the like, but with which it is desired to know, for justiication purposes, the total width of the text oi a line or part of a line, in terms of pre-selected units, e.g. those at present used in line-composing machines. The invention may'also be used where the signals are stored otherwise than by punching, e.g. on a maglnetizable tape.

The invention may therefore comprise in combination an input means such as a keyboard means for selecting combination signals in dependence on the operation of the inputrmeans and a control means for the recording of the selected combinations of signals and for counting units of width of characters represented by those signals.

The selected combination signals will be converted into pulses for the operation of the perforating unit or other storage device in such a way that not only will the pulses operate the required elements in the perforator in dependence on the characterV to be stored, but also a count of the said pulses will indicate the respective widths of the characters, for instance to effect an automatic justiiication.

Thus, according to one main feature of the invention the device includes in combination a keyboard with a control means for selective combination signals for recording and counting selectively according to letter widths.

The control means may, for example, be electrically operated control means and may include rotatable elements with, fory example, permanent signals constituted by permanent magnets or constituted by optical markings or such signals may be recorded magnetically on a suitable record means. In each case they may have a local and/ or timed signiiicance for corresponding local and/ or timed selection. The sensing means may be in parallel, e.g. by tracks and/or .time periods of rotation, or the sensing means may operate serially. Furthermore, the record means may be a matrix of cores.

As regards the keyboard, any suitable switching arrangement maybe employed, such as, for example, diodes or a Contact matrix or a core matrix. Furthermore, there may be Contact bars with combination contacts and movable between operative and inoperative positions in well known manner, such contact bars having slots in one edge or having contoured edges and/or having contacts in combination positions, e l

Such an assembly of contact bars or other combination elements may be interchangeable,withothers giving different combinations.

According to another feature of the invention a plural- 1 ity of exchangeable storage means is provided within or ,for a machine, coordinating diterentcombination signals as above. The means for selectingthe diierentcombination signals may include'control switches for effecting a selection between the various exchangeable or interchangeable means according to coordinated type magazines which are to be used. The same switches may contr-ol the selection and the combination signals for selection One important use of the invention is for the storing of signals as perforations in a tape or the like for the subsee of one of the type magazines Within the composing machinery. The` switchespmay be controlled by keys or the depression of keys may control also indicating devices such as optical indicating devices includingan assembly of various lamps as described below or there may be electromechanical indicating means.

There may be printed ribbons of different colors with or without switches of different colors for selection and the number of the magazine employed may be printed down.

Still another feature of the invention is the provision of an electronic reduction gear between a counting device and an indicating device, which electronic reduction gear delivers an operative signal (pulse) for the indicat; ing device at determined numerical values. The reduction gear may emit a signal when the passing of a determined stage of a counting stage tube takes place, or a signal may be released as a carry signal from a determined stage of a counting chain, which may be an electronic or a magnetic chain. Furthermore, the signal may be released as a carry signal from a last stage of a multistage tube. An electromagnetic reduction gear may deliver a signal as a carry signal from a relay chain or a signal may be delivered at the passing of a determined stage in a relay chain. The counting chain associated with the reduction gear may be of any of the forms mentioned above and may deliver a signal to the indicating device, for example, as a carry signal or when there is the passing through of a determined stage of a counting chain.

Again, the invention may provide the combination with an intermediate storage of a cyclic storage. The intermediate storage may be for at least two lines of characters used alternately. There may be a selection of storage localities in dependence on the movement and/ or position of the paper carriage in the machine. There may be combination signals selection, for example, binary combinations, effected by actuating combinations of contacts according to the movement of the paper carriage in the machine. Again, there may be a direct selection of combinations by a ten group selection.

One group of storage localities may be actuated by the keyboard according to one line, whereas the second group is operative to control the record unit for the preceding line. There may be groups of storage localities for more than one line, and correction (including erasing) takes place within one line before the storage localities control the recording unit. The selection of the respective locality for correction is under the control of the devices mentioned above, that is, the selection of intermediate storage localities.

The intermediate storage may be of the cyclic magnetic type preferably magnetic disc or drum. Selection may be made by a counting device into which a number of the selected area is put and which releases a selection control signal when sensing or recording means operate in the selective sector. There may be switching from one sector to the other by adding a number, for example 1, to the count. There may be an exchangeable layer or an exchangeable film to carry the recordings with suitable registration devices.

Furthermore, the invention provides a keyboard in which the keys have a double significance; rst for the usual meaning of the keys, and second, after the depression of a control key or actuation of a switch, for control commands or other significance.

The control functions may be expressed by the usual characters on the keyboard, each controlling at least two combination signals selectively. For indication as to which function (iirst or second) is to take place, there may be printed indications. The respective characters may be coordinated, for example, 1 may be read for swtiching to type magazine one, 2 for magazine two, 3 for magazine three, 4 for magazine four and 5 for quadding.

The depression of a special key may actuate a switch for a permanent switching over to a second meaning until another key depression of the same or another key releases it, or the special key may be operative like the fi shift key of a typewriter. There may be special switches with two switching functions which may be operated accordingly.

An advantage of the invention is that it allows a selection amongst a number of storages of different signals, that is, for different kinds or cases of type characters, for operation of the same perforating or other recording means and with the use of the same pulse counting means.

In order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, it will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the combination of a typewriting unit of the present invention with selective rotary storage elements supplying character representing pulse sequences, and a tape perforating unit along with a pulse counting unit;

FIG. 2 is a more detailed diagram of certain parts of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a selection circuit which may be operated by the keys of a keyboard;

FIG. 4 is a perspective View of an embodiment of an exchangeable plug board or panel for selecting particular circults;

FG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of an indicating arrangement;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating another ernbodiment of an indicating arrangement;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a counter which may be utilized in the embodiment of FIG. 1; and

FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d illustrate embodiments of a pulse generator.

The components of the apparatus of the present invention, the exception of the character lWidth count magazines 161, 162 and 163 and the selective switching means 601, 602 and 603, may comprise 4any suitable means known in the art. Thus, for example, suitable time selecting means 11, 12, v13 may be `that shown by U.S. Patent No. 2,540,654 issued February 6, 1951 to Cohen et al.; suitable line length and space counter means 28 'and 29 and suitable keyboard means 3 may comprise those shown by U.S. Patent No. 2,069,240, issued February 2, 1937 to Goetz et al., U.S. Patent No. 2,019,505, issued November 5, 1'935 to Reiber and U.S. Patent No. 1,984,317 issued December 11, 1934 to Reiber et al.; and suitable remaining line space indicating means 34 (one and two finger systems) may comprise those shown by U.S. Patent No. 2,043,231, issued `lune 9, l1936 to Bracken et al. and U.S. Pateint No. 2,024,006, issued December 10, 1935, to Krum et Referring rst to FIG. 1, the typewriting unit 1 comprises a conventional electric typewniter 2 with keyboard 3, the type lever 4arrangement 4, platen vJ5, and the carriage f' control device 6. The -unit 1 has a first Iadditional keyboard 7 and a second additional keyboard S. Both additional keyboards are necessary in order to provide a sufcient number of keys for the control of line-composing machines.

A rotary element is shown, comprising la number of pulse generators for coded signals. These are mounted on shaft 9, driven by motor 10, for example, at a speed of approximately 1500 r.p.rn. A plurality of exchangeable rotary elements are mounted on the shaft 9. The time selector rotary elements 11, 12 `and 13 are provided for the control of selecting units as explained below and they themselves operate under the control of depressed keys of one of the keyboards 3, 7 or 8. These elements make effective `electronic switching paths during time intervals determined by the significance of such keys.

The rotary element 14 is -a pulse generating unit or binary to pulse converter comprising in its different circumferential tracks a determined number of pulse-generating elements, consisting of permanent magnets set in a non-magnetic carrier. The pulse generator may comprise,

for example, in the first track from the letthand -side one element, in the second track two elements, in the third track four elements, in the fourth track eight elements, in the fifth track sixteen elements, and in the sixth track thirty-two elements. Other tracks with more elements could be provided if required, :according to the code used. The magnets may comprise magnetic sheets lof the thickness of .011 of an inch, which are arranged circumferentially in slots in a carrier of non-magnetic material.

The rotary control unit is an exchangeable clement comprising within seven circumferential tracks other pulse generating magnets, these being larranged so that all required character code combinations are available in said tracks. Each -sector or axial line of the rot-ary control unit 15 provides `a code combination different from those in all the other sectors, each combina-tion being coordinated to a certain character or control cEunction, and any sector may be selected within each rotation of shaft `9, under control of Ithe selecting means 1'1, :12. and 13 and in dependence on a depressed key in one of the keyboards 3, 7 or S. The pulse-generating means in said different tracks may likewise be permanent magnets positioned in slots in a carrier `of non-magnetic material. To allow for the requirements 'of typesetting in different languages with different type systems the whole rotary unit or control generator 15 may be exchanged for another one suitable to the respective type system `of said language, so that there may be any selected relation between the operation of the keys of the keyboards 3, 7 land 8 and the resulting combination signals produced by the pulse generator controlling the conventional perforating unit 21 vfor tape Z2. g

Three selective control elements or count magazines y161, 162 and 163 are mounted on the shaft-9. Each of the Vtype width-units required by the individual letters of the alphabet of a language. In a particular sector, the different control 'elements 161, 162 and 163 indicate different width unit equivalents of different type sizes of the letter represented in la corresponding sector of rotating control unit `15. r)This possibility of selection of type size by alternately operating one or :another of the `selective control elements or count magazines 161 162, 163 is useful it for example a line-composing machine has to set diierentsizes of letters within one line. `Each of the selective control elements or type face character-width count magazines 161, 162 and 163 -is exchangeable so las to allow any combination of sizes of letters Awithin a line, according to different type magazines `of the composing machinery. There will be mounted on shaft 9 as many of such selective control elements yor count magazines `161, r162, y163 as there are diierent type lsize lmagazines within the composing n unit, in order to :allow any `combination of lsizes of types within aline without the necessity of` changing the control units for the different type-width when counting the lengt-h of the line for determining justification factors. y

Another rotary element C17, which preferably is a magnetic storage drum or the like, allowing an intermediate Stor-ing and/or supplying of control pulses, is mounted on the shaft 9, The intermedi-ate storage element 17 may be used to record the pulses -for one yor more lines before such pulses lare delivered-to the perfor-ating unit 21, in order to allow corrections before the actual punching operation takes place. If such .an intermediate storage is provided, the selective recording in its dilferent areas maytake place in dependence on the relative position between the cartriage or platen 5 and the typing unit itself; that is, according to the vtype position in the line as indicated by the carriage control device 6 which may comprise, `for example, -a 'contact column' commutator unit.

The sensing of permanent or recorded pulses from ele ments 21.3, 14, etc.` takestplace by sets of magnetic sensf4 ing heads. The sensing heads are positioned opposite the respective tracks of Ieach of the described elements 13, 14, 15, I1161, 41162, 163 or 17. The sensing heads coordinated with element 13 are shown in serial arrangement at 4S, whereas the sensing heads for the control elements 14, 15, i161, `162 and 163 are shown in parallel arrangements within six or seven tracks of such control elements as shown in FlGURE l by numbers 571-11, 531-7, 591-3. The sensing heads coordinated with the magnetic drum 17 may be mounted for movement parallel to the axis of the drum to provide track selection as indicated by the double arrow at .172, or in a fixed arrangement as indicated at 171.

The selection of signals from a particular section representing a selected character by the cooperation of the keyboards 3, 7 or 8 with the `selecting means 1-1, 12 and 13, controls the amplifying means of a perforating control unit .19 and of a counting control unit 2li via the electronic double-stage switch d'3. The double-stage switch 1S receives a pulse for rendering operative the arnpliers or" the units 19 and 2li from the selecting means I1'1, y12 and 1? at that instant in the rotation of the shaft 9 when the circumferential sector coordinated with the depressed key is passing the related sensing heads. The switch .18 also receives pulses for rendering inoperative units 19 and 2li at the end of `each such sector. The control of the amplifiers of units 19 and .20 allows the operation of electronic storage means within said units only for a selected time interval corresponding to a particular sector, in dependence on the depressed key, by the combination pulses delivered from the sensing heads 531-7 to control unit 119 and sensing heads 591, 592 or 593 to control unit 2li.

The control of the amplifiers 521-7 of the perforating controlunit 19, and of the ampliliers `541-6 of the counting control unit 20, may be effected by controlling one of the grids of the amplifier tubes, for example, their screen grids, by voltages generated as a voltage drop across one `or more resistances within switch unit 1S. The electronic storages which are set in dependence on the character code pulses selected from rotary control unit 15 may be gas discharge tubes, such as, for example, thryatrons, which in turn control the magnets of the perforating unit 211. The set of thyratrons is indicated at 531-7 and the set of perforating control magnets is shown at 1541-7 within perforating unit 211. The perforated tape is shown at 22, with holes 24, and is moved in the direction 213.

The sequence of operations involved in punching a character code in the tape may thus be summarized as follows. The shaft 9 carrying the pulse generator elements 13,14, etc., is continually rotated by the motor 10. The pulses generated by the heads 48 of the element 13 are not applied to the switch unit 18 because no key of the keyboard is depressed. The switch unit 18 holds the ampliers 521-7 of the punch control unit y15` inoperative, so that signals from the heads 581-7 of the character code generator element 14 are not passed by the amplifiers 521-7 to the temporary storage thyratrons 531-7- Now suppose that a key, representing the letter A for example is depressed. The heads 48 will be allowed to apply one signal to the switch unit 18. The interconnections between contacts operated by the keys Iand the heads $13 are such that this signal occurs at the time when the sector of the rotary control unit15 which contains the particular combination of magnets required to represent the letter A in the tape punching code is about to pass the heads 581-7. The switch unit `1S will render operative the amplifiers 521-7 to pass the A code signals to lire the thyratrons 531-7 in a corresponding pattern. The switchunit 13 is reset after the passage of the selected sector, thereby preventing the application of any further signals to the thyratrons. The lired thyratrons energize the corresponding one of the punch magnet 1541-7 to punch the A code in the tape 22. The punching operation automatically causes a single step feed of the tape 22 and extinguishing of the thyratrons in the conventional manner. The next character is then punched in a similar manner on depression of another key of the keyboard.

The'operation of the counting means 29 in dependence on combination signals provided by the rotary elements 161, i162 or l63 is based upon similar processes. The depressing of one or" the keys 611, 6l2 or 613 of the first additional keyboard 7 decides the selection of one of the selective control elements l61, 162 or M3. Each selective control element or count magazine 11.61, 162 and 163 is coordinated with a specific size or font ci type in correspondence with a type magazine in a composing unit which is to be subsequently controlled by the tape Such selection is effected by operating one of the selector switches 601, 662 or 693, which may comprise, for example, relays with holding contacts.

`One of the sets of sensing heads 591, 592 or 593 is made eective by one of the switches 691, 662 or 6'33. The sensed signals from those sensing heads are delivered to the counting control unit 20. They enter the amplifiers 541-6 which, as described above, operate under control of the switch unit 18. The electronic storage tubes 551-6 are thus operated selectively according to the combination of signals sensed by the selected set of sensing heads 591, 592 or 593. Pentodes 561- are controlled by the electronic storage tubes 551-6. These storage tubes may, for example, be flip-flops.

In consequence of the rendering operative by one of stages 551-1 of one of the pentodes 551-6, signals sensed by sensing heads 571-5 in succession, represent successive digit values l, 2, 4, 8, 16, it necessary 32, and even 64, are selectively fed to the counters 281-2 or "291-2 providing in dependence on the selected combination, an increase in the count equal to the number of width units appropriate to the character which is being recorded. Switch 25 is operative in such a way that it connects to line 277 when the usual type levers are pressed down, and to line 26 when a space key fr?. is depressed. The two-denomination electronic counter 29 having multistage tubes 291 and 292 combined by a carry-device receives and counts as many pulses as correspond to the total number of width-units of the letters entered by the keys.

The counters 291, 292 are arranged in such a wa that only after each 100 pulses a pulse lwill be fed, e.g. as a carry pulse, from the counting stage 292 to the indicating device 34. Alternatively such a carry pulse may be released after a count of say 30, 32, 50 or some other number.

These pulses yare delivered by amplier unit 3ft to a step-switch gear operating the indicator needle or arm 35. Such gear may be of an inductive pulse motor type and a mechanical reduc-tion gear may be included.

lt has already been mentioned that it is intended that the tape 22 should bein a form suitable for controlling a ltape operated composing machine. lt is desirable therefore, that the line length of the matter ent red by the keyboard should be such that i-t is suitable for justification by the composing machine when the tace is used to control it. For this reason, the conventional type of justification indicato-r is provided showing the relation between the total numbers of width units corresponding to both the characters and spaces, respectively, of the line at any time. The operator may judge from the indicator when to start a new line in order that the tape will be correct for controlling subsequent justification.

The manner in which the indicator is operated may be summarized .as follows. ln the present case, the switch dit@ is closed, so that the heads 593 are operatively connected to the amplifiers 541-5. The amplifiers 541-11 are made operative for one sector by the switch unit it; at fthe same .time as the amplifiers 521-7. The sector ol the third type face character-width .count magazine 163 which is sensed during this time contains a pattern of magnets representing in binary form the -number of width units occupied by the letter A in the particular font in which this letter is `to be finally printed. For example, it the letter is equivalent to seven width units, then heads connected to ythe amplifiers 541, 542 and S43 will generate signals. Accordingly, the storage tubes 551, 552 and 553 will be operated to render operative the pentode gates 561-3. Now the gates 561-3 receive, respectively, l, 2 and 4 pulses from the heads 571, 572 and 573 during a revolution of the shaft. Hence seven pulses are `fed `-to the counter 29. if the space key had been depressed, instead cr a letter key, the switch 25 would have been in the other position and the appropriate number of pulses would have been fed to the .counter 28. The indicator 34 is operated by Ithe carry pulses from the counters 23 and Z9. It will be noted that the pattern sensed from the .third type face character-width count magazine 163 is stored in the tubes 551-6, so that the counter input may occupy up to one revolution or" shaft 9, even though the amplifiers 541-6 are operative for only one sector.

A counting mechanism formed by the counter stages 281, 2%2 controls via the amplifier unit Sti the inductive pulse operative motor 33 which moves the scale 36 about an axis 33, when space keys are depressed, such movement being in a rcounterclockwise direction. The arm or finger 35 moves in clockwise direction corresponding to the number of width units of `the respective letters of a line, in dependence on counter pulses fed to the motor 32, Whereas the scale 36 is rnoved counterclockwise by the system 33 ,thereby allowing the correct terminating of Ithe lines by the operator.

In FIGS. l and 2 rotatable elements indicate 4the code and the count in an interchangeable manner.

FiG. 3 shows an alternate static arrangement for selectable coding and counting according to different characters. FlG. 3 `is an embodiment of a diode matrix which may comprise part of a plug-in unit having inputs from each key and providing an output to those conductors which represent the code elements for the coded record or the count respectively.

FlG. 4 shows the plug unit 76 having the pins 71 on one side and connected with contact points 721-60 for the input from the contacts 731-60 below the keys as shown in FIG. 3. Furthermore, fthe plug unit '70 contains sir; contact points 741-6 which `are used as outputs for the coded elements, code representation of characters or count.

The time selector means 11, l2, 13 for `the selection of a sector are shown in more detail in FIG. 2. Below keyboard 3 there is a cross-wise arrangement of contact bars rin which each crossing point corresponds to a key of the keyboard which may be pressed down for indicating a certain character. By such pressing down of a key a connection is established between one pair of contact bars.

In 'the example of FIGS. 1 and 2 a depressed key makes a connection between the horizontal line 404 and the vertical line 416. The horizontal line 401 is one of fthe plurality of horizontal lines 461- representing one fselt of contact bars and the selected line 466 is one of a plurality of vertical lines 411-10 representing the other set of contact bars.

The individual contact bars 491- are connected to individual contact brushes `431-11 which are spaced apart in :a circumferential direction around the periphery of the non-conducting element l1 (FlGS. l and 2). The member 1l includes a conducting portion i2, which has a segment 45 lying in the line of the brushes 431-11. A .common brush 44 is in contact with the portion 12 and is connected to ground. Hence the contact bars 461- are grounded in turn `through the related one of the brushes 431-11, the segment 45, the portion 12 and brush 44, as the selector element l1 rotates with the shaft 9. When contact bar @d4 is thus grounded, the connection will extend through the closed switch operated by `the depressed key, to contact bar 415.

The contact bars 411-10 -are connected individually to one end of the `winding of each of the sensing heads 431-11. The other ends of the windings are connected in common to one grid of a double-triode L31. The sensing 9 heads sense a circumferential row of magnets 471-10 set in the selector element 13. The spacing between the sensing heads 481- differs from the spacing between the magnets 4171-10 to provide a Vernier etect. During the period of rotation -for which any particular brush 43 is `grounded each of the sensing heads 4S will sense one of the inserts 47. While the brush 434 is grounded, all the sensing heads `itl will. generate a signal in turn, but there will be a completed circuit between the grid of the triode 131 and ground only for the Winding of the sensing head y485 through the bar 416, (the iclosed switch, bar 494, brush 434, segment 45, pontiofn and brush 44. Thus, only the signal from the sensing head 430 will be effective at the triode grid. None of the other bars Lilli are connected to any of the bars 41 so that only this one signal will be effective during a revolution.

In this way, ten possible signal times occur during the grounding of .each bar dit. rihus the total number of vtimes defined is ten times the number of bars dd. Each signal time corresponds to the passage of a different sector past the sensing heads 531-7, 91, etc., and each lrey controls the selection of a diilerent sector.

The pulse sensed by sensing head 460 is amplified in the left half of double triode 181 and delivered to the discharge tube 182 igniting it. The discharge tube pro duces a voltage drop across its cathode resistance 134. The discharge tube is used for the control of the series of relay tubes 531 to 53"' and 551 to 555. The voltage drop across the cathode resistor 184 controls the screen grids of the discharge tubes 531 to 537 and l551 to 550 and the control grid bias of said discharge tubes is adjusted to such a value that an inputsignal to thecoiitrol grid is effective to hre a tube only the screen grid voltage has been applied by conduction through the discharge tube 132. `T he input signals come from the ampliliers 521-7 and 541-6 (PEG. l). The cathode resistance 184 delivers a voltage also to the anode of the right handA system of the double triode 1S1, so that this system is prepared for amplification as soon as the discharge tube 182 is ignited.

Therefore, signals sensed by the series of sensing heads 4811-20, which are a little diierent in timing from the series 481-10 but are connected in parallel, may be delivered to the control grid of said right hand system of the `double triode 131 but may not be amplified before this right hand system is made effective under control of the ignited tube 1S2.

The signals sensed by sensing heads 4311- will be delivered to discharge tube 1&3 shortly after the ignition 0i discharge tube 1&2. ln dependence on these signals, discharge tube 183 is ionized which effects an additional voltagerise at cathode resistor 134 by the coupling of capacitor 180. The discharge tube 182 is thereby extinguished and the screen voltage is removed from all relay l0 5W in dependence on the switch position of the selector switches 691, @d2 and 6633.

As the width of the type characters dier according to the pattern ot type fonts, the signal generating means 511, 522, 5.13 oi the character-width count magazines 161, 162, 163, respectively, differ from each other in a combination dependent upon the respective widths of the characters. Ii, for instance, character m would be counted as 100 width units and, for instance, character 1i would be counted as 50 width units, 100 may be represented by a signal in column 6d, one in column 32, and another one in column d; whereas 50 would be represented by a signal in column 32, in column 16 and in column 2 where each column corresponds to one circumferential row of elements.

Each oi the dlischarge tubes 551 to 550 controls a corresponding one of the pentodes 561-0 which are operative in dependence on the voltage drop across the cathode resistances of the discharge tubes S51-0. The control grids of the pentodes 561-0 receive their signals from the sensing heads 571-0 of the bniary to pulse converter 14. The first circumferential row has one signal generating unit, the second row has two signal generating units, the third row has four signal generating units, the fourth row has eight signal generating units, the fifth row has sixteen signal generating units and the sixth row has thirty-two signal generating units. A seventh row, ii required, would have sixty-four signal generating units. The pulse generating units 49 are on that half circumference of the pulse generating unit 14 which is at the opposite side from the elements Sil, 51, so that the units 49 are sensed by the sensing heads 571-5 in the second half of the rotation whereas the above mentioned combitubes S31-'1 and 551-0, thus avoiding the possibility of making these tubes eiectivefor one sector only, since an ionized tube will remain so, but an iin-ionized tube cannot be tired under these conditions. lt will be appreciated that this arrangement is a minor modification of that of FIG. l in that the control voltages, are applied to the thyratrons instead of to the preceding amplifier stages.

To the secondV control grids of the discharge tubes 531-7 are delivered, in parallel, signals from the amplifier tubes 521-7. They are sensed from the controlgenerator 15 by the sensing heads S31-'1. Since, within each sector,

there is contained a vdelined combination of such signals which is coordinated with a certain depressed key, those of the discharge tubes S31-'1 will be ignited which correspond to the sensed combination signals. In consequence, the magnets 1541-r1 will be energized to control the respective punches to punch into the tape 22 (FlG. l).

The discharge tubes S51-0 are effective at the same time, as their screen grids are controlled by the voltage drop across the resistor 184. The control grids receive signals in parallelchani'iels from the ainpliiiers 541-0. These signals are sensed by the sensing heads 5311, 52 or tube 312.

nations signals pass the respective sensing heads 5%1-'1 or 591, 592 or S93, during the first half of the rotation.

The pulses delivered to the counting tubes are dependent on the combination selected by the sensing heads S91 or 592 or 592, whichever had been connected into circuit by the selector switches 601, 662 or 693. if, for example, "12 had to be counted into theV counting tubes, it would have been expressed by 4 and 8, that is, by selection of signals in the 3rd, and ith rows. ln this case the discharge tubes 553 and 554 would have been ignited, and the respective pentodes 562 and 561 would have been made effective to develop pulses, in dependence on the signals at their control grids, and in series `one after they other, across the resistance 567, which is common to all the pentodes SG1-0. The voltage drop across the anode resistance 557 will be applied through the capacitor 568 to a select-V multistage tube 292. The multistage tube 291- may have l0 stages and the multistage tube 292 may have only 4 effective stages; that is, the count takes place from 4 (actually 40) back to zero. Of course, any other adjustment may be selected.

The pulses delivered from the second stage 292 will be effective for the electronic control of an inductive pulse motor. The said electronic control may be the `control unit 31 which has tube 311 and the discharge Within the cathode circuit of tube 312 is the switch i323 which is either in the position 324 or as shown in FIG. 2 in the position 325. The switching over takes place automatically in dependence on the rotation of the armature 326 having armature poles 327 and 320, which are shaped in such a way that they effect a rotary movement in dependence on which one of the -two coils 321 r 322 is energized by the discharge tube 312. The electronic counting arrangement 29 is therefore used as a dividing circuit, in this case, by 40, as tube 312 will receive a pulse only after each 40 pulses which have been fed to the counting arrangement 291-2; if the character m corresponds in width to 40 pulses, the pointer 35 will only switch over from one position on the scale to the next.

The switch contact 323, with :switching positions 324 and 325 may be built either in the form of a commutator or of a relay operated in dependence on the rotation of the shaft of the armature 325.

A similar type of arrangement is used for the counting of the spaces and will be operative if switch is in switch position 27. It contains, for example, pulseshaping means 28 and two multistage tubes 281 and 232, the latter having only four effective stages; that is, it switches back from 4 to zero. When reaching the value 4 (actually 40) it will deliver a pulse via the tube 391 to the discharge tube 382 which will operate the rotary pulse motor 33.

After 40 pulses have come into the circuit, the counter delivers one pulse which will operate either the coil 332 or 331 in dependence on the switch position yof switch 333, which again is operative in dependence on the armature 336 with the poles 337 and 333. Connected to the rotary armatures 326, 35 are gears 331 and 3%2, respectively, of which the gear 382 connects the drive to a device for moving the scale 3.15 which shows the minimum extent of the spaces, whereas the arm or nger is driven by the gear 381 according to the maximum number of steps used for the justiiication of the line. One form of mechanical construction for such an indicating 'device is described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 2,083,668 of June 15, 1937.

It is one of the features of the present invention that operating the keyboard 3 not only effects the perforation of the tape 22, but also may serve to make a visible record such as for or in a typewriter. This can be done by either a mechanical or an electrical means, for example if additional contacts are arranged below or in association with the keys of the keyboard. FIG. 1 shows the keys for the different functions which are usually contained in a typewriter, and keys for the selection of type magazines, for quadding (left and right) and so on.

This may be `done as in FIG. l, by the additional keyboards 7 and 3. lIn order to make a visible record for such depressions of keys which would be contained only in the keyboards 7 and 8, it may be advisable to use the keyboard 3 also for those functions in order to have a visible record. For example, keys for the visible print will be in black when those meanings are used which are characteristic of the keys of the keyboard and in red when a special control function is to be effective.

instead of parallel sensing means, serial sensing means may be used. The successive sectors of the storage may be used in such a way that each sector contains the different pulse elements of one character, so that each sector may be looked upon as divided into code elements or other digit values. If, for example, the circumference contains on one half one hundred such sectors which have been used in parallel tracks, each with 7 or 6 code elements, so a sub-division of each track into 7 100 or 6x10() would allow the serial operation with the same effects as described above, but with one sensing means for each track.

Simplification could thereby be achieved as to the width of the arrangement. On the other hand, the selection means would have to contain other electronic distributing means to make a difference between the significance of the different code elements which are then recorded in each sector. Furthermore, instead of code elements, a number of pulses representing digit values could be utilized; for example, in such a way that live pulses would be the equivalent of digit value 5 and two pulses would be the equivalent of digit value two. Each sector would be made up of two subsectors, each containing pulses for the digit values, for example, 0-9. These pulses may be counted in known manner by a multistage counting tube for each denomination so that those counting tubes would be operated from such a sensin'7 track and indicate the width of the characters, for example, by expressing the width of character n by the numerical value 40, of which 4 would be contained in the first lsector as 4 pulses and zero as an indication in the second sector, either as 10 pulses or none.

The arrangements yof the interchangeable rotatable rotary control unit or control generator 15, the character-width count magazines 161, 162, 163 and the intermediate storage unit 1'/ on the shaft 9 may be such that they are operated from one common keyway of the shaft, or that some other registering means is provided, for example, pin-and-hole or pin-and-slot means. The permanent signals may also be obtained by cutting engravings into a magnetic or magnetizable surface and thereby generating pulses at the passing of such engravings over or under sensing heads.

Instead of rotary exchangeable or interchangeable control elements, non-rotatable control elements could be chosen, which may be selected in a changeable way by switching from one to the other by means of switching means.

FlG. 8a is a perspective View of an embodiment of a pulse generator comprising a cylindrical rotary carrier 160 of a non-magnetic material having axially arranged slots 161 in which are held permanent magnets 162 each having a number of lugs 162a representing a code combination. When the magnets are in the slots, the outer edge faces of the lugs 162'il lie in the surface of the carrier and can be sensed by a sensing head for the generation of a pulse.

The elements 162 could be made by punching from a sheet of suitable material and be magnetized after punching. They may be held in the slots 161 merely by being forced in, or there may be additional holding means (not shown) such as a ring pressed into slots in the end faces of the magnets. FIG. Sb illustrates a magnet element of the embodiment of FIG. 8a.

lnstead of each combination being represented by a single ione-piece magnet, it may be represented by separate magnets 163 either arranged in individual slots of a carrier, in positions according to the combination concerned. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 8c, a plurality of adjacent discs 164 may be provided, one for each channel of the code combination, said discs being held in register as by a key 165. The magnets 163 will be spaced in the respective discs to make up the desired combinations in the axial direction. FIG. 8d shows a magnet element 163 of the embodiment of FIG. 8c.

An advantage of this type of generator is that the pulses produced are of considerable amplitude, for example, 4 volts, so that the size of the air-gap between the magnets and the sensing heads is not critical.

FIG. 7 is an embodiment of a counter 23 or 29. The counter includes two ten-stage counting tubes and 91 as well as two controlled ampliiiers 92 and 93 and ilipliop 94. The operation of the counter is as follows. Initially, the amplifier 92 is made operative by llip-ilop 94, while amplifier 93 is inoperative. The pulses entering at input lead 95 advance therefore the ten-stage counting tubeV 9i) step by step. After ten pulses, a positive output pulse is delivered to output lead 960, which is conducted through amplifier 92 to the input lead 97 of the ten-stage counting tube 91. Each such pulse advances the counting tube 91 by one stage. As the counting tube 91 is advanced to the stage to which switch 9S is adjusted, then a positive pulse is delivered through the respective one of the leads 990-9 and through the switch 98 to the input lead 941 of flipliop 94. The flip-flop 94 will thereby be switched over to its opposite state. Amplifier 92 will thereby be rendered inoperative and amplier 93 will be rendered operative.

It the counter 9) is then counted on by the pulses entering at input lead 95 up to that stage to which switch 100 is adjusted, the output pulse delivered to that one of the output leads 96g will enter the amplifier 93 through switch 10i) and input lead 931 of amplifier 93.

After the pulse has been amplified by amplifier 93 it is delivered as a negative pulse through output lead 932 to the output lead 960 of the counter 9@ and switches this back to the digit value 0. Simultaneously, a negative pulse is fed to counting tube 91 through output lead 933 to lead 990, whereby said counting tube is switched back to the zero position. A positive pulse is fed to flip-flop 94 through output lead 934 and input lead 942, whereby said flip-flop is switched back into its initial state. 'the ampli- `tier 93 will thereby be rendered inoperative and the amplilier 92 will be rendered operative again. A negative pulse is Vdelivered through output lead 935, which may be used for the control of other switching functions. ln the example shown, the counter is adjusted to a counting capacity of 40 pulses, i.e. 40 pulses have to he supplied to the counter at input lead 95 before an output pulse is delivered through output lead 935.

The lirst of theV 40lpulses counts the counting tube 90 through three times and the output lead 960 receives three output pulses, which advance the counting tube 91 by three stages. The third off these pulses switches the glow discharge within counting tube 91 to output lead 993 and a positive output pulse is delivered through said lead. The output pulse is supplied to the flip-flop 94 through switch 98 and initiates the aforedescribed switching-over process. The following thirty-first pulse at inputr lead 95 advances the counting tube 9i) from the counting stage position 0 to the counting stage position l and so on, until the counting stage position "0 is reached again at the fortieth pulse. The output pulse delivered thereby to output lead 96 is supplied to the amplifier 93 through switch 109, whereby the aforedescribed switching functions may be actuated and the counter is prepared for the beginning of a new counting cycle. p

What I claim is:

l. Apparatus for recording coded representations of characters and for indicating the character widths associated with such characters comprising a character keybo-ard for entering each character to be recorded, a continuously rotating drum carrying a pattern of magnetized elements on the surface thereof, a plurality of magnetic reading heads associated with the drum, the said elements being so disposed in a plurality ofcircumerential tracks, each of which is sensed by one of said reading heads, that a first group of said heads generate during each revolution yof the drum a rst sequence of pulses representing in coded form all possible characters which may be entered by the keyboard and that a second group of said heads generate during each'revolution a second `sequence of pulses which represent in coded Iform the character widths associated with the character represented by the first sequence of pulses, first and second gating circuits to which the rst and second sequences of pulses, respectively are appled, a control circuit common to the two gating circuits, frst switching means settable by keys of said keyboard, second switching means yoperating in synchronism with the rotation of said drum, means controlled jointly by the first and second Vswitching means and operative on depression of a character key of the keyboard to apply a signal to the control circuit to render the gating circuits operative to pass pulses from said-sequencesV of pulses, the time in the revolution of the drum at which said signal occurs being determined by which of the character keys is depressed, a tape punch responsive to pulses passed by the first gating circuit to record coded perforations corresponding to the character represented by said depressed key, a pulse counter responsive to pulses passed by the second gating circuit,` means for deriving carry pulses from the counter, and a character width indicator operated by the carry pulses.

2. Apparatus as clairned'in claim 1, Lhaving further groups od tracks on the drum and associated magnetic reading heads, each such further group generating a sequence of pulses representing a different set of character widths for the characters represented by said first sequence of pulses, and switching means settable to apply any one of the character width representing sequences of pulses to said second gating circuit.

3. In a keyboard operated apparatus for recording coded character representations land control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, a plurality of character width count magazines each correspond-ing to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented by the others of said character width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines providing Ia 'group of signals representing the character widths of the characters thereof, the character Width represented by each orf said groups of signals being independent from the character widths represented by the others of said groups of signals; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control sitgnals vrepresenting operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including sellection control signals 'for the selection of one of said character width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character width count magazines in accordancev with a desired type Vface to ybe recorded in said lino composing machinery; counting means for determining remaining line space available for the insertion of further characters in a line; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and transfer means Irior transferring chanacter signals from said keyboard :to said recording means for recording coded character representations and for transferring the digit values of a group of signals from a selected one of ysaid character wid-th count magazines to said counting means.

4. ln keyboard operated appara-tus for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, a plurality of character Width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a type -face independent from the type faces represen-ted by the others of said character Width countV magazines, each of said character width count magazines providing -a group of signals represen-ting the character widths of the characters thereof, the character width represented by each of said groups of signals being independent trom the character widths represented by the others `olf said groups of signals, each of said character rwidth count magazines comprising a diode matrix arrangement; a keyboard comprising a plurality `of keys adapted to provide character signals representing vcharacters. and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including selection control signals for the selection of one ot Isaid character Width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to beV recorded in said line composing machinery; counting means for determining remaining line space available for the insertion of further characters in a line; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and Atransfer means for transferring character signals rom said keyboard to said recording means for record-V 5. In keyboard operated apparatus for recording coded A character representations 4and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, a plurality of character width count magazines each correanc-deas spending to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented by the others of said character width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines providing a group of signals representing the character widths of the characters thereof, the character width represented by each of said groups of signals being independent from the character widths represented by the others of said groups of signals, each of said character width count magazines comprising a diode matrix arrangement; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including selection control signals for the selection of one of said character width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character wid-th count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to be recorded in said line composing machinery; counting means for determining remaining line space available for the insertion of further characters in a line, each of said diode matrix arrangements comprising a iirst group of conductors connected to said keyboard and -a second group of conductors connected to said counting means through corresponding selective switching means; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and transfer means for transferring character signals from said keyboard to said recording means for recording coded character representations and `for transferring the digit values of a group of signals from a selected one of said character width count magazines to said counting means.

6. In keyboard operated apparatus for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, character representing means for providing a first group of signals representing characters to be recorded in said line composing machinery; a plurality of character width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented by the others of the character width count magazines, each of said ycharacter width count magazines providing a second 'group of signals representing the character widths of the characters thereof, the character width represented by each of said second groups of signals being independent from the character widths represented by the others of said second groups of signals; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery; said operating control signals including Iselection control signals for the selection of one of said character width count magazines; selective switching means controlled 'by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to be recorded in said line composing machinery; counting means for determining remaining line space available for the insertion of further characters in a line; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and transfer means for transferring a rst group of signals from said character representing means to `said recording means for recording coded character representations and for transferring ithe digit values of a second group of signals from a selected one of said character width count magazines to said counting means.

7. In keyboard operated `apparatus for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, character representing means for providing a rst group of signals representing characters to be recorded in said line composing machinery; a plurality of character width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented by thc others of the character width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines providing a second group of signals representing the character widths or the characters thereof, the character width represented by each of said second groups of signals being independent from the character' widths represented by the others of said second groups of signals; converting means for converting the character width signals provided by said character width count magazines to character width pulses representing the character Widths represented by Said character width signals; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including selection control signals for the selection of one of said character width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to be recorded in said line composing machinery; pulse counting means for determining remaining line space available for the insertion of further characters in a line; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and transfer means for transferring a first group of signals from said character representing means to said recording means for recording coded character representations and for transferring the character width pulses corresponding to the character width signals of a selected one of said character width count magazines to said counting means.

8. In keyboard operated apparatus for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, character representing means for providing a first group of signals representing characters to be recorded in said line composing machinery; a plurality of character width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented by the others of the character width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines providing a second group of signals representing the character widths of the characters thereof, the character width represented by each of said second groups of signals being independent from the character widths represented by the others of said second groups of signals, each of said character width count magazines comprising a diode matrix arrangement; converting means for converting the character width signals provided by said diode matrix arrangements to character width pulses representing the character widths represented by said character width signals; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including selection control signals for the selection of one of said character width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to be recorded in said line composing machinery; pulse counting means for determining remaining line space available for the insertion of further characters in a line; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and transfer means `for transferring a first group of signals from said character representing means to said recording means for recording coded character representations and for transferring the character width pulses corresponding to the character width signals of a selected one of said diode matrix arrangements to said counting means.

9. In keyboard operated apparatus for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, char- 17 acter representing means for providing a firstgroupA of signals representing characters to be recorded in said line composing machinery; a plurality of character width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a.

type face independent from the type faces represented by the others of the character width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines providing a second group of signals representing thecharacter widths of the `characters thereof, the character width represented by each of said secondpgroups of signals being independent from the character-widths represented by the others of said second groups of signals, each of said character width count magazines including a rotatable magnetic medium having character width signals recorded thereon and a plurality of sensing means in operative proximity therewith; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including selection'control signals for the selection of one of said character width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to be recorded in said line composing machinery; counting means yfor determining remaining line space available for the insertion of further characters in a line; recording means for recording `codedcharacter representations and control signals for controllingline composing machinery; and transfer means for transferring a first group of signals fromsaid character representing means to said recording means for recording coded character representations and for transferring the digit values of aV second group of signals from a selected one of said character width count `magazines to said counting means.

l0.' In keyboard operated apparatus for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling'line composingmachinery, in combination, character representing means for providing a first group of signals representing characters to be recorded in said line composing machinery, said character representing means including a rotatable magnetic medium having character signals recorded thereon and a plurality of sensing means in operative proximity therewith; a plurality of characterv width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented `by the 'others of the character width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines providing a second group of signals representing the character widths of the characters thereof, the character width represented -by each of said second groups of signals being independent from the character widths represented by the others of said second groups of signals, each of said character width count magazines including a rotatable magnetic medium separate from the rotatable magnetic mediums of the others of said character Width count magazines and having character width signalsrecorded thereon and a plurality of sensing means in operative proximity therewith; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line com-posing machinery, said operating control signals including selection control signals for the selection of one of said character Width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to -be recorded in said line composing machinery; counting means for determining remaining line space available forthe insertion of further characters in a line; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and transfer means for transferring a first group of signals from said character representing means to said recording means for recording coded character representations and for transferring the magazines each corresponding to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented by the others of the character width count magazines, each of said character Width count magazines providing a second group of signals representing the character widths of the characters thereof, the character Width represented .by each of said second groups of signals being independent from the character widths represented by the others of said second groups of signals; converting means for converting the character width signals provided by said character width count magazines to character width pulses representing the character widths represented by said character width signals; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including selection control signals for the selection of one of said character width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting :one'of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to be recorded in said line composing machinery; pulse counting means for determining remaining line space Iavail-able for the insertion of further characters in a line; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and transferV means lfor transferring -a irst group of signals from said character representing means to said recording means for recording coded character representations and for transferring the character width pulses corresponding to the character width signals `of a selected one of said character width count magazines to said counting means, said transfer means including gating control means controlled by said character width signals and time control signals provided by selected keys of said keyboard and adapted to control the transfer of said iirst group of signals to said recording means and to control the transfer of said character width pulses to said counting means.

12. In keyboard operated apparatus for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, char-V acter representing means for providing la first group of signals representing characters to be recorded in said line composing machinery; a plurality of character width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented by the others of the character width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines providing a second group of signals representing the character Widths of the characters thereof, the character 'width represented by each of said second groups of signals being independent from the character widths representedrby the others of said second groups lof signals; converting means for converting the character width signals provided by said character width count magazines to character width pulses representing the character width represented by said character width signals; a keyboard comprising -a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and cont determining remaining line space available for the in-` sertion of `further characters in a line; recording means for recording coded character lrepresentations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; and transfer means for transferring a first group of signals from said character representing means to said recording means `for recording coded character representations and for transferring the character width pulses cor-responding to the character width signals of a selected one cf said character width count magazines to said counting means, said transfer means comprising first gating means connected between said character representing means and said recording means and adapted to assume one of a conductive condition in which said first group of signals is conducted to said recording means through said first gating means and a non-conductive condition in which said first group lof signals is blocked from the said recording means by the said first gating means under the control of time control signals provided by selected keys of said keyboard, second gating means connected between said character width count magazines and said counting means and adapted to assume one of a conductive condition in which said character width pulses are conducted to said counting means through lsaid second 'ig-ating means and a nonconductive condition in which said character width pulses are blocked lfrom the said counting means by the said second gating means under the control of time control signals provided by selected keys of said keyboard and character width signals from said selected one of said character width pulse magazines.

13. In keyboard operated apparatus for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, a plurality of rotatable drums each having a magnetizable surface and having a plurali-ty of circumferential tracks with a plurality of signals recorded in said tracks; a plurality of groups of sensing means positioned in operative proximity with the tracks `of the surface of each of said drums; character representing means for providing a first group of signals representing in binary code characters to be recorded in said line composing machinery; a plurality of exchangeable character width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented by the others of the character width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines comprising an independent one of said plurality of drums and a group of sensing means positioned in operative proximity with the tracks of said one of said drums in a manner whereby each lof said groups of sensing means provides in each revolution of the corresponding drum a second group yof signals representing in ybinary code the :character widths of the characters represented by the signals recorded in the group of tracks corresponding therewith, the character width represented by the group of signals generated by each of said groups of sensing means being independent from the character widths represented by the groups of signals generated by the others of said groups of sensing means; converting means for converting the character width binary code signals provided by said character width count magazines to character width pulses representing the character widths represented by said character width signals; a keyboard comprising a plurality yof keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including selection control signals for the selection of yone of said character width count magazines; selective switching means controlled by selected keys of said keyboard for selecting one of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to be recorded in said line composing machinery; recording means for recording coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, line length and space counting means for determining remaining line space available for the insertion of further characters in a line; re-

maining line space indicating means adapted to be controlled by pulses; carry means for deriving carry pulses from said line length and space counting means and for applying said carry pulses to said remain-ing line space indicating means; and transfer means for transferring a yfirst group of signals from said character representing means to said recording means for recording code-d character representa-tions and for transferring the character width pulses corresponding to the character Width signals of a selected one of said character width count magazines to said line length and space counting means, said transfer means comprising first gating means connected between said character representing means and said recording means and adapted to assume one of a first conductive condition in which said first group of signals is conducted to said recording means through said `first gating means and a non-conductive condi-tion in which said first group of signals is blocked from the said recording means by the said rst gating means, second gating means connected between said character width count magazines and said line length and space counting means and adapted to assume one of a conductive condition in which said character width pulses from said converting means are conducted to said line length and space counting means through said second gating means and a non-conductive condition in which said character `width pulses are blocked from the said line length and space counting means by the second gating means under the control of character width signals from said selected `one of said character width pulse magazines, and gate control switching means connected to said first and second gating means and adapted to assume one of a conductive condition in which said first and second gating means are made conductive and a non-conductive condition in -which said first and second gating means are made non-conductive under the control of time control signals provided by selected keys of said keyboard.

`14. In keyboard operated apparatus for perforating a tape with coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery, in combination, a plurality of rotatable drums each having a magnetizable surface and -having a plurality of circumferential tracks with a plurality of signals recorded in said tracks; a plurality of groups of sensing means positioned in operative proximity with the tracks of the surface of each of said drums; character representing means for providing a first group of signals representing in binary code characters to be recorded in said line composing machinery; a plurality of exchangeable character width count magazines each corresponding to characters of a type face independent from the type faces represented'by the others of the character Width count magazines, each of said character width count magazines comprising an independent one of said plurality of drums and a group of sensing means positioned in operative proximity with the tracks of said one of said drums in a manner whereby each of said groups of sensing means provides in each revolution of the corresponding drum a second group of signals representing in binary code the character widths of the characters represented =by the signals recorded in the groups of tracks corresponding therewith, the character width represented by the group of signals generated by each of said groups of sensing means being independent from the character widths represented by the group of signals generated by the others of said vgroups `of sensing means; converting means ifor converting the character width binary code signals provided by said character width count magazines to character width pulses representing the character widths represented by said character width signals; a keyboard comprising a plurality of keys adapted to provide character signals representing characters and control signals representing operating controls for line composing machinery, said operating control signals including selection control signals for the selection of one of said character width count magazines; selective switching means con-trolled by selected keys cf said keyboard for selecting 21 one of said character width count magazines in accordance with a desired type face to be recorded in said line'composing machinery; a tape; perforating means for perforating said tape with coded character representations and control signals for controlling line composing machinery; line length and space counting means for determining remaining line space available for the insertion of urther chanacters in a line; remaining line space indicating means Yadapted to be controlled by pulses; carry means 17er deriving carry pulses from said line length and space counting means and for applying said carry pulses to sa-id remaining line space indicating means; and tnansfer means for transferring a irst group cf signals from said character representing means to said perforating means for recording coded character representations and for transferning the character width pulses corresponding to the `character Width signals of va selected one of said chanacter width cofunt magazines to said line length and space counting means, said transfer means comprising rst gating means connected between said character representing means and said perforating means and adapted to assume one of a tirst conductive condition in which said first group of signals is conducted to'said pertonating means through said first gating means and a non-conductive condition in which said first group of signals is blocked from the said 25 perforating means by the said irst gating means, second gating means connected between said character width count magazines and said line length and spiace counting means and adapted to assume one of a conductive condition in which said character width pulses from said converting means are conducted to said line length and space counting means through said second gating means and a non-conductive condition in 'which said chanacter Width pulses are blocked from the said line length and space counting means by the said second gating means under the control of chanacter Width signals from said selected one of said character width pulse magazines, and

gate control switching means connected to saidV iirst and References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Higonnet et al Oct. 9, 1956 Robbins et al Aug. 19, 1959 

1. APPARATUS FOR RECORDING CODED REPRESENTATIONS OF CHARACTERS AND FOR INDICATING THE CHARACTER WIDTHS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH CHARACTERS COMPRISING A CHARACTER KEYBOARD FOR ENTERING EACH CHARACTER TO BE RECORDED, A CONTINUOUSLY ROTATING DRUM CARRYING A PATTERN OF MAGNETIZED ELEMENTS ON THE SURFACE THEREOF, A PLURALITY OF MAGNETIC READING HEADS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DRUM, THE SAID ELEMENTS BEING SO DISPOSED IN A PLURALITY OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL TRACKS, EACH OF WHICH IS SENSED BY ONE OF SAID READING HEADS, THAT A FIRST GROUP OF SAID HEADS GENERATE DURING EACH REVOLUTION OF THE DRUM A FIRST SEQUENCE OF PULSES REPRESENTING IN CODED FORM ALL POSSIBLE CHARACTERS WHICH MAY BE ENTERED BY THE KEYBOARD AND THAT A SECOND GROUP OF SAID HEADS GENERATE DURING EACH REVOLUTION A SECOND SEQUENCE OF PULSES WHICH REPRESENT IN CODED FORM THE CHARACTER WIDTHS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHARACTER REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST SEQUENCE OF PULSES, FIRST AND SECOND GATING CIRCUITS TO WHICH THE FIRST AND SECOND SEQUENCES OF PULSES, RESPECTIVELY ARE APPLIED, A CONTROL CIRCUIT COMMON TO THE TWO GATING CIRCUITS, FIRST SWITCHING MEANS SETTABLE BY KEYS OF SAID KEYBOARD, SECOND SWITCHING MEANS OPERATING IN SYNCHRONISM WITH THE ROTATION OF SAID DRUM, MEANS CONTROLLED JOINTLY 